Properties / Mechanical
Flexural strength [MPa]
Common test standards: DIN EN 310, ISO 178, ASTM D790, DIN EN 12089
37 measurements compared
| Experiment | Fungus | Substrate | Density [kg/m³] | Value | Standard / conditions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFB + Albizia sawdust, hot-pressed, uncoated · G. lucidum (DMC) | Ganoderma lucidum | Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB), Albizia sawdust, Wheat bran, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | 954 | 2.68 ± 0.47 MPa n = 3 |
ASTM D1037 (modified), 4-point bending unweathered (day 0) Chan et al. 2021 |
|
| EFB + Albizia sawdust, hot-pressed, wood-oil coated · G. lucidum (DMC) | Ganoderma lucidum | Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB), Albizia sawdust, Wheat bran, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | 954 | 2.53 ± 0.81 MPa n = 3 |
ASTM D1037 (modified), 4-point bending unweathered (day 0) Chan et al. 2021 |
|
| EFB + Albizia sawdust, hot-pressed, wood-oil coated · G. lucidum (DMC) | Ganoderma lucidum | Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB), Albizia sawdust, Wheat bran, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | 954 | 1.62 ± 0.28 MPa n = 3 |
ASTM D1037 (modified), 4-point bending 35 days climate chamber 27.5 ± 2.5 °C / 75 ± 15 % RH, no UV Chan et al. 2021 |
|
| EFB + Albizia sawdust, hot-pressed, uncoated · G. lucidum (DMC) | Ganoderma lucidum | Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB), Albizia sawdust, Wheat bran, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | 954 | 1.1 ± 0.07 MPa n = 3 |
ASTM D1037 (modified), 4-point bending 35 days climate chamber 27.5 ± 2.5 °C / 75 ± 15 % RH, no UV Chan et al. 2021 |
|
| Newspaper · P. ostreatus (SN-PO) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Newspaper | 0.64909 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Hemp + Birch sanding dust + Bran · T. versicolor (S2) | Trametes versicolor | Hemp shives, Birch sanding dust, Wheat bran | 140 | 0.51 ± 0.05 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Birch sawdust + Waste paper fibres + Bran · T. versicolor (M3) | Trametes versicolor | Birch sawdust, Waste paper fibres (recycled pulp), Wheat bran | 230 | 0.45 ± 0.06 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Hemp + Waste paper fibres + Bran · T. versicolor (M2) | Trametes versicolor | Hemp shives, Waste paper fibres (recycled pulp), Wheat bran | 160 | 0.42 ± 0.04 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Waste paper fibres + Bran · T. versicolor (M1) | Trametes versicolor | Waste paper fibres (recycled pulp), Wheat bran | 320 | 0.39 ± 0.05 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Bleached cellulose pulp · P. ostreatus (CS1-PO) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Bleached cellulose pulp | 340 | 0.35145 MPa n = 2 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
|
| Corn husk · L. sajor-caju | Lentinus sajor-caju | Corn husk, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 241 | 0.32 ± 0.02 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Birch sawdust + Birch sanding dust + Bran · T. versicolor (S3) | Trametes versicolor | Birch sawdust, Birch sanding dust, Wheat bran | 220 | 0.32 ± 0.03 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Corn husk · G. williamsianum | Ganoderma williamsianum | Corn husk, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 240 | 0.28 ± 0.03 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Birch sawdust + Bran · T. versicolor (D1) | Trametes versicolor | Birch sawdust, Wheat bran | 210 | 0.25 ± 0.02 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Cardboard, shredded · P. ostreatus (SC-PO) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Cardboard, shredded | 420 | 0.20973 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
|
| Corn husk · G. fornicatum | Ganoderma fornicatum | Corn husk, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 232 | 0.19 ± 0.01 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Corn husk · S. commune | Schizophyllum commune | Corn husk, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 221 | 0.18 ± 0.04 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Cellulose pulp 70 % + beech sawdust 30 % · P. ostreatus (CS1-FS-PO-02) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Bleached cellulose pulp, Beech sawdust | 0.17617 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Birch sawdust + Bran + Birch bark · T. versicolor (D2) | Trametes versicolor | Birch sawdust, Birch bark, Wheat bran | 220 | 0.17 ± 0.01 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Oak sawdust · G. lucidum (Q-GL) | Ganoderma lucidum | Oak sawdust | 0.16496 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Rice straw · L. sajor-caju | Lentinus sajor-caju | Rice straw, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 223 | 0.16 ± 0.02 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Rice straw · G. williamsianum | Ganoderma williamsianum | Rice straw, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 221 | 0.15 ± 0.03 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Hemp + Bran + Birch bark · T. versicolor (C2) | Trametes versicolor | Hemp shives, Birch bark, Wheat bran | 140 | 0.15 ± 0.01 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Beech sawdust · P. ostreatus (FS-PO) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Beech sawdust | 260 | 0.11406 MPa n = 6 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
|
| Rubber tree sawdust · L. sajor-caju | Lentinus sajor-caju | Rubber tree sawdust, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 340 | 0.11 ± 0.02 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Hemp + Bran · T. versicolor (C1) | Trametes versicolor | Hemp shives, Wheat bran | 100 | 0.11 ± 0.03 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Sand + beech sawdust, bending specimens · P. ostreatus (S-FS-PO-03/-04) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Sand, Beech sawdust | 0.10792 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Cellulose pulp 30 % + beech sawdust 70 % · P. ostreatus (CS1-FS-PO-01) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Beech sawdust, Bleached cellulose pulp | 0.10516 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Rice straw · G. fornicatum | Ganoderma fornicatum | Rice straw, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 219 | 0.1 ± 0.02 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Hemp · T. versicolor (C3) | Trametes versicolor | Hemp shives | 90 | 0.1 ± 0.01 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Birch sanding dust + Bran · T. versicolor (S1) | Trametes versicolor | Birch sanding dust, Wheat bran | 190 | 0.1 ± 0.01 MPa n = 5 |
EN 12089:2011 (3-point) 23 ± 2 °C / 50 ± 5 % RH Irbe et al. 2024 |
|
| Rubber tree sawdust · G. williamsianum | Ganoderma williamsianum | Rubber tree sawdust, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 331 | 0.09 ± 0.02 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Beech sawdust · G. lucidum (FS-GL) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech sawdust | 250 | 0.08997 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
|
| Rubber tree sawdust · G. fornicatum | Ganoderma fornicatum | Rubber tree sawdust, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 337 | 0.07 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Rice straw · S. commune | Schizophyllum commune | Rice straw, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 199 | 0.07 ± 0.01 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |
|
| Sand + beech sawdust, bending specimens · P. ostreatus (S-FS-PO-03/-04) | Pleurotus ostreatus | Sand, Beech sawdust | 0.0684 MPa n = 1 |
EN 1015-11 (3-point) Vašatko et al. 2022 |
||
| Rubber tree sawdust · S. commune | Schizophyllum commune | Rubber tree sawdust, Rice bran, Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄), Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | 319 | 0.06 ± 0.01 MPa n = 10 |
ASTM D790-10 (3-point) Aiduang et al. 2022 |