Substrates
48 entries
| Name | Category | Particle size | Manufacturer | Origin | Bulk density [kg/m³] | Experiments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemp hurds, loose | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | 5–25 mm | Aniserco S.A., Groot-Bijgaarden (BE) | – | 2 | |
| Hemp hurds, chopped | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | ≤ 5 mm | Aniserco S.A., Groot-Bijgaarden (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Flax hurds, loose | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | 5–25 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 2 | |
| Flax hurds, chopped | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | ≤ 5 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Flax tow, treated (spinning grade) | Fibre / textile | fibre length approx. 100 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Flax tow, untreated | Fibre / textile | fibre length approx. 100 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Flax waste, loose | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | 5–25 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 2 | |
| Pine shavings | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 5–25 mm | Aniserco S.A., Groot-Bijgaarden (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Wheat straw, chopped | Straw / stalks | ≤ 5 mm | Jopack bvba, Rumbeke (BE) | – | 1 | |
| Wheat grains | Agricultural residue (husks, hulls …) | – | E&A Salce Pty Ltd (AU) | – | 3 | |
| Rubber tree sawdust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 5–20 mm | Sawmill, Chiang Mai Province | Chiang Mai (TH) | 4 | |
| Rice bran | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| Corn husk | Agricultural residue (husks, hulls …) | 5–20 mm | – | Chiang Mai (TH) | 4 | |
| Rice straw | Straw / stalks | 5–20 mm | – | Chiang Mai (TH) | 4 | |
| Waste cardboard, shredded | Paper / cardboard | – | – | Recycling bins, Penn State University (US) | 1 | |
| Wheat bran | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | – | – | 12 | |
| Waste cardboard, finely ground | Paper / cardboard | – | – | Recycling bins, Penn State University (US) | 1 | |
| Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 Räuchergold HB 500/1000 |
Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 0.5–1 mm | J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | – | 8 | |
| Hemp hessian fabric NEMO Hemp jam web 370 g/m² |
Fibre / textile | – | Naturellement Chanvre, Echandelys (FR) | – | 4 | |
| Rattan rods | Fibre / textile | Ø 6 mm, length 32 mm | B.V. INAPO, Bloemendaal (NL) | – | 4 | |
| Common reed stems | Fibre / textile | stems Ø 1 ± 0.5 mm, 8–10 per specimen in two layers | Tækkemand Chresten Finn Guld, Køge (DK) | – | 4 | |
| Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 Räuchergold HB 750/2000 |
Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 0.75–3 mm | J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | – | 8 | |
| Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 Räuchergold KL 2/16 |
Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 4–12 mm | J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | – | 8 | |
| SPF particleboard particles (spruce/pine/fir) | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 1.4–3.5 mm | Ecovative Design LLC, Green Island, NY (US) | – | 3 | |
| Pure mycelium tissue (aerially grown, dried) | Other | – | Ecovative Design LLC, Green Island, NY (US) | – | 2 | |
| Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | 3 wt% suspension, fines content > 90 % (< 200 µm) | University of Maine, Process Development Center (US) | – | 2 | |
| Beech sawdust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | approx. 3 mm | – | Graz region (AT) | 9 | |
| Oak sawdust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | 1–2 mm | – | – | 1 | |
| Bleached cellulose pulp | Paper / cardboard | pieces Ø 2–6 mm | – | – | 3 | |
| Cardboard, shredded | Paper / cardboard | approx. 35 mm (compression specimen) or approx. 15 mm (bending specimen) | – | – | 1 | |
| Newspaper | Paper / cardboard | approx. 15 mm | – | – | 1 | |
| Cotton fibres | Fibre / textile | fibre length approx. 5 cm | – | – | 1 | |
| Soy silk fibres | Fibre / textile | – | – | – | 1 | |
| Modelling clay | Other | – | – | – | 1 | |
| Sand | Other | – | – | – | 3 | |
| Hemp shives | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | mostly 3–5 mm | – | Latvia (agricultural residue) | 5 | |
| Birch bark | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | AS “Latvijas Finieris” (plywood manufacturer), Riga (LV) | – | 2 | |
| Birch sawdust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | mostly ≤ 3 mm | – | Latvia (wood processing) | 5 | |
| Waste paper fibres (recycled pulp) | Paper / cardboard | mean fibre length 1.1 mm, mean width 25 µm | SIA “V.L.T.” (moulded fibre products), Latvia | – | 3 | |
| Birch sanding dust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | ≤ 1 mm | AS “Latvijas Finieris” (plywood manufacturer), Riga (LV) | – | 3 | |
| Hemp shiv (untreated) | Shives / hurds (hemp, flax …) | average approx. 10 × 2 mm | ProRep (UK) | – | 2 | |
| Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB) | Agricultural residue (husks, hulls …) | – | Heng Huat Group (MY) | – | 2 | |
| Albizia sawdust | Wood (shavings, flour, chips) | ≤ 2 mm | San Ho Timber Workshop, Singapore | – | 2 | |
| Wheat bran | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | Bob’s Red Mill (US) | – | 2 | |
| Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) | Additive / nutrient (bran, gypsum …) | – | LushGro (SG) | – | 2 |