Compressive behaviour of anisotropic mycelium-based composites
Rigobello, A.; Ayres, P.
What is it about?
Ganoderma lucidum on beech wood granulate in three particle sizes (0.5–1, 0.75–3, 4–12 mm) and their mix. Anisotropic variants with a hemp hessian jacket, transverse rattan rods or longitudinal common reed were also tested (ASTM D1037). The medium particle size gave the highest strength; stems placed along the load raised the modulus by a factor of 2.86 on average.
Experiments from this publication (16)
| Experiment | Fungus | Substrate mix | Density [kg/m³] | Measurements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beech granulate 0.5–1.0 mm – control (no fibres) · G. lucidum (BS) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | 210 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–1.0 mm – with common reed coaxial to load · G. lucidum (BS_V) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Common reed stems · stems Ø 1 ± 0.5 mm, 8–10 per specimen in two layers · Tækkemand Chresten Finn Guld, Køge (DK) |
194 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–1.0 mm – with hemp hessian jacket (coaxial to load) · G. lucidum (BS_H) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Hemp hessian fabric · Naturellement Chanvre, Echandelys (FR) |
230 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–1.0 mm – with rattan rods perpendicular to load · G. lucidum (BS_R) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Rattan rods · Ø 6 mm, length 32 mm · B.V. INAPO, Bloemendaal (NL) |
197 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–12.0 mm, 1:1:1 vol. – control (no fibres) · G. lucidum (BSML) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) |
221 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–12.0 mm, 1:1:1 vol. – with common reed coaxial to load · G. lucidum (BSML_V) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Common reed stems · stems Ø 1 ± 0.5 mm, 8–10 per specimen in two layers · Tækkemand Chresten Finn Guld, Køge (DK) |
203 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–12.0 mm, 1:1:1 vol. – with hemp hessian jacket (coaxial to load) · G. lucidum (BSML_H) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Hemp hessian fabric · Naturellement Chanvre, Echandelys (FR) |
247 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.5–12.0 mm, 1:1:1 vol. – with rattan rods perpendicular to load · G. lucidum (BSML_R) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 500/1000 · 0.5–1 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Rattan rods · Ø 6 mm, length 32 mm · B.V. INAPO, Bloemendaal (NL) |
224 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.75–3.0 mm – control (no fibres) · G. lucidum (BM) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | 234 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.75–3.0 mm – with common reed coaxial to load · G. lucidum (BM_V) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Common reed stems · stems Ø 1 ± 0.5 mm, 8–10 per specimen in two layers · Tækkemand Chresten Finn Guld, Køge (DK) |
198 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.75–3.0 mm – with hemp hessian jacket (coaxial to load) · G. lucidum (BM_H) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Hemp hessian fabric · Naturellement Chanvre, Echandelys (FR) |
249 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 0.75–3.0 mm – with rattan rods perpendicular to load · G. lucidum (BM_R) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate HB 750/2000 · 0.75–3 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Rattan rods · Ø 6 mm, length 32 mm · B.V. INAPO, Bloemendaal (NL) |
227 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 4.0–12.0 mm – control (no fibres) · G. lucidum (BL) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) | 218 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 4.0–12.0 mm – with common reed coaxial to load · G. lucidum (BL_V) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Common reed stems · stems Ø 1 ± 0.5 mm, 8–10 per specimen in two layers · Tækkemand Chresten Finn Guld, Køge (DK) |
209 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 4.0–12.0 mm – with hemp hessian jacket (coaxial to load) · G. lucidum (BL_H) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Hemp hessian fabric · Naturellement Chanvre, Echandelys (FR) |
264 | 3 |
| Beech granulate 4.0–12.0 mm – with rattan rods perpendicular to load · G. lucidum (BL_R) | Ganoderma lucidum | Beech wood granulate KL 2/16 · 4–12 mm · J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + Co KG, Rosenberg (DE) Rattan rods · Ø 6 mm, length 32 mm · B.V. INAPO, Bloemendaal (NL) |
241 | 3 |
Notes on data extraction
Taken from Table 1 (n = 6 per variant). Ultimate strengths converted from kPa to MPa. FTIR band ratios (e.g. 1231 cm⁻¹: 1.58 → 0.61) only mentioned in the notes.